Kamis, 18 April 2013

LISTENING COMPREHENSION



Tugas Softskill Bahasa Inggris 2
Vian Pradipta
4EA06
15209012


LISTENING COMPREHENSION
·         Consist of 50 questions
·         Divided into three parts
·         Part A consists of 30 shorts conversations, each followed by a question. Choose one best answer from four options
·         Part B consists of 2 log conversations, each followed by a number of questions.
·         Part C consists of three talks, each followed by a number of questions.
GENERAL STRATEGIES
·         Be familiar with the directions.
·         Listen carefully to the conversations and talks. You will hear only one time.
·         Know where the easier and more difficult questions are generally found.
·         Never leave any answers blank on your answer sheet. No penalty for guessing.
·         Use any remaining time to look ahead at the answers to the questions that follow.
PART A
STRATEGIES FOR THE LISTENING PART A QUESTIONS
1.     As you listen to each short conversation, focus on the second line of the conversation.
2.     Choose answer with synonyms. Keep in mind that the correct answer is probably a restatement of a key word or idea in the second line of the conversation. Keep in mind that certain structures and expressions are tested regularly in Listening part A. Listen for these structures and expressions:
·         Structures (passive, negatives, wishes, conditions)
·         Functional expressions (agreement, uncertainty, suggestion, surprise)
·         Idiomatic expressions (two-part verbs, three-part verbs, idioms)
·         If you know a few words, choose the answer that contains s restatement
·         If you didn’t understand anything at all in the second line, choose the answer that sounds the most different from what you heard.
·         Never choose an answer because it sounds like what you heard in the conversation
1.     Keep in mind that these questions generally progress from easy to difficult.
2.     Read the answers and choose the best answer to each question.
3.     Even if you do not understand the complete conversation, you can find the correct answer.
Taken from TOEFL Preparation by Longman Paper Based TOEFL







Strategies to Answer Questions TOEFL Test

In The TOEFL test there are three sections of questions :
1.      Listening Comprehension
In this section of the test, you will have opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand conversations and talks in English. There are three parts to this section, with special directions for each part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers you hear. Don’t take notes or write in your test book at any time. Don’t turn the pages until you are told to do so.
(a)    Part 1 : You will hear short conversations.
(b)   Part 2 : You will hear longer conversation.
(c)    Part 3 : You will hear several talks
And the General Strategies are :
(1)   Be familiar with the directions. The directions on every TOEFL test are the same, so it is not necesarry to listen carefully to them each time. You should be completely familiar with the directions.
(2)   Listen carefully to the conversation and talks. You should concertrate fully on what the speakers are saying in the recording program, because you will hear it one time only.
(3)   Know where the easier and more difficult questions are generally found. Within each part of the Listening Comprehension section, the questions generally progress from easy to difficult.
(4)   Never leave any answer blank on your answer sheet. Even if you are unsure of the correct response, you should answer each question. There is no penalty for guessing.
(5)   Use any remaining time to look ahead at the answers to the question that follow. When you finish with one question, you may have time to look ahead at the answers to the nest question.


STRATEGIES FOR THE LISTENING PART A QUESTIONS :
(1)   As you listen to each short conversation, focus on the second line of the conversation.The answer to the question is generally found in the second line.
(2)   Keep in mind that the correct answer probably a restatement of a key word or idea in the second line of the conversation. Think of possible restatement.
(3)   Keep in mind that certain structures and expressions are tested regularly in Listening Part A. Listen for these structures and expressions :
(a)   Structures (passives, negatives, wishes, conditions)
(b)   Functional expressions (agreement, uncertainty, sugestion, surprise)
(c)    Idiomatic expressions (two-part verbs, three-part verbs, idioms)
(4)   Keep in mind that these question generally progress from easy to difficult.This means that question even I through 5 will be the easiest, and questions 26 through 30 will be the hardest.
(5)   Read the answers and choose the best answer to each question. Remember to answer each question even if you are not sure of the correct response. Never leave any answer blank.
(6)   Even if you don’t understand the complate conversation, you can find the correct answer. (Never choose an answer because it sounds like what you heard in the conversation).
The following skills will help you to implement these strategies in the Listening section of the TOEFL test :
PART 1
(1)   Skill 1 : Focus on the second line.
(2)   Skill 2 : Choose answer with synonyms.
(3)   Skill 3 : Avoid silimiar sounds.
(4)   Skill 4 : Draw conclusions about who,what,where.
(5)   Skill 5 : Listen for who and what in passives.
(6)   Skill 6 : listen for who and what with multiple nouns.
(7)   Skill 7 :  Listen for negative expressions.
(8)   Skill 8 : Listen for double negatoves expressions.
(9)   Skill 9 : Listen for “almost negative” expressions.
(10)    Skill 10 : Listen for negatives with comparatives.
(11)    Skill 11 : Listen for expressions of agreement.
(12)    Skill 12 : Listen for expressions of uncertainty and suggestion.
(13)    Skill 13: Listen for empathic expressins of surprise.
(14)    Skill 14 : Listen for wishes.
(15)    Skill 15 : Listen for untrue conditions.
(16)    Skill 16 : Listen for two- and three-part verbs.
(17)    Skill 17 : Listen for idioms.
PART 2
(18)    Skill 18 : Anticipate the topics.
(19)    Skill 19 : Anticipate the questions.
(20)    Skill 20 : Determine the topic.
(21)    Skill 21 : Draw conclusions about who, what, when, where.
(22)    Skill 22 : Listen for answer in order.
PART 3
(23)    Skill 23 : Anticipate the topics.
(24)    Skill 24 : Anticipate the questions.
(25)    Skill 25 : Determine the topic.
(26)    Skill 26 : Draw conclusions about who, what, when, where.
(27)    Skill 27 : Listen for answer in order.

2.      Structure and Written Expression
This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is approriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type.
General Strategies :
(1)   Be familiar with the directions.The directions on every TOEFL test are the same, so it is not necessary to spend time reading the directions carefully when you take the test. You should be completely familiar.
(2)   Begin with questions 1 through 15. Anticipate that questions 1 through 5 will be the easiest. Anticipate that question 11 through 15 will be the most difficult. Do not spend too much time on questions 11 through 15. There will be easier questions that come later.
(3)   Continue with question 16 through 40. Anticupate the question 16 through 20 will be the easiest. Anticipates that question 36 through 40 will be the most difficult. Do not spend too much time on questions 30 through 40.
(4)   If you have time, return to questions 11 through 15. You should spend extra time on questions 11 through 15 only after you spend all the time that you want on the easier questions.
(5)   Never leave any answer blank on your answer sheet. Even if you are not sure of the correct response, you should answer each questions. There is no penalty for guessing.

·                     STRATEGIES FOR THE STRUCTURE QUESTIONS :
(1)   First study the sentence. Your propose is to determine what is needed to complete the sentence correctly.
(2)   Then study each answer based on how well ir completes the sentence.Eliminate answer that don’t complete the sentence correctly.
(3)   Don’t try to eliminate incorrect answers by looking only at the answer by looking only at the answer. The incorrect answers are generally correct by themselves. The incorrect answers are generally incorrect only when used to complete the sentence.
(4)   Never leave any answer blank on your answer sheet. Be sure to answer each question even if you are unsure of the correct response.
(5)   Don’t spend too much time on the Structure question. Be sure to leave adequate time for the Written Expression questions.
The following skills will help you to implement these strategies in the Structure section of the TOEFL test :
SENTENCES WITH ONE CLAUSE
(1)   Skill 1 : Be sure the sentence has a subject and a verb.
(2)   Skill 2 : Be careful of objects of prepositions.
(3)   Skill 3 : Be careful of appositives.
(4)   Skill 4 : Be careful of present participles.
(5)   Skill 5 : Be careful of past participles.

SENTENCES WITH MULTIPLE CLAUSES
(6)   Skill 6 : Use coordinate connectors correctly.
(7)   Skill 7 : Use adverb time,and cause connectors correctly.
(8)   Skill 8 : Use other adverb connectors correctly.
MORE SENTENCES WITH MULTIPLE CLAUSES
(9)   Skill 9 : Use noun clause connectors correctly.
(10)      Skill 10 : Use noun clause connector/subjects corretly.
(11)      Skill 11 : Use adjective clause connectors correctly.
(12)      Skill 12 : Use adjective clause connector/subjects correctly.
(13)      Skill 13 : Use reduced adjective clauses correctly.
(14)      Skill 14 : Use reduced adverb clauses correctly.
SENTENCES WITH INVERTED SUBJECTS AND VERBS
(15)      Skill 15 : Invert the subject and verb with question words.
(16)      Skill 16 : Invert the subject and verb with place expressions.
(17)      Skill 17 : Invert the subject and verb with negatives.
(18)      Skill 18 : Invert the subject and verb with conditionals.
(19)      Skill 19 : Invert the subject and verb with comparisons.

·                      STRAEGIES FOR THE WRITTEN EXPRESSION QUESTINS :
(1)   First look at the underlined word or groups of words. You want to see if you can spot which of the four answer choicrs is not correct.
(2)   If you have been unable to find the error by looking only at thefour underlined expressions, then read the complete sentences. Often an underlined expression is incorrect because of something in another part of the senteces.
(3)   Never leave any answer blank. Be sure to answer each question even if you are unsure of the correct response.
PROBLEMS WITH SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT
(20)      Skill 20 : Make verb agree after prepositional phrases.
(21)      Skill 21 : Make verbs agree after expressions of quantity.
(22)      Skill 22 : Make inverted verbs agree.
(23)      Skill 23 : Make verbs agree after certain words.
 PROBLEMS WITH PARALLEL STRUCTURE
(24)      Skill 24 : Use parallel structure with coordinate conjuctions.
(25)      Skill 25 : Use parallels structure with paired conjuctions.
(26)      Skill 26 : Use parallel structure with comparisons.
PROBLEMS WITH COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
(27)      Skill 27 : Form comparativres and superlatives correctly.
(28)      Skill 28 : Use comparatives and superlatives correctly.
(29)      Skill 29 : Use irregular –ER, -ER structure correctly.
PROBLEMS WITH THE FORM OF THE VERB
(30)      Skill 30 :  After HAVE ,use the past participle.
(31)      Skill 31 : After BE, use the present participle or the past participle.
(32)      Skill 32 : After WILLWOULD, or other modals, use the base form of the verb.
PROBLEMS WITH THE USE OF THE VERB
(33)      Skill 33 : Know when to use the past with the present.
(34)      Skill 34 : Use HAVE and HAD correctly.
(35)      Skill 35 : Use the correct tense with the expressions.
(36)      Skill 36 : Use the correct tense with WILL and WOULD.
PROBLEMS WITH PASSIVE VERBS
(37)      Skill 37 : Use the correct form of the passive.
(38)      Skill 38 : Recognize active and passive meanings.
PROBLEMS WITH NOUNS
(39)      Skill 39 : Use the correct singular or plural noun.
(40)      Skill 40 : Distinguish countable and encountable nouns.
(41)      Skill 41 : Recognize irregular plurals of nouns.
(42)      Skill 42 : Distinguish the person from the thing.
(43)      Skill 43 : Distinguish subject and object pronouns.
(44)      Skill 44 : Distinguish possessive adjectives and pronouns.
(45)      Skill 45 :Check pronoun reference for agreement.
PROBLEMS WITH ADJECTIVE AND ADVERBS
(46)      Skill 46 : Use basic adjectives and adverbs correctly.
(47)      Skill 47 : Use adjectives after linking verb.
(48)      Skill 48 : Position adjectives and adverbs correctly.
MORE PROBLEMS WITH ADJECTIVES
(49)      Skill 49 : Recognize –LY adjectives.
(50)      Skill 50 : Use predicate adjectives correctly.
(51)      Skill 51 : Use –ED and –ING adjectives correctly.
PROBLEMS WITH ADJECTIVE AND ADVERBS
(52)      Skill 52 :Use articles with singular nouns.
(53)      Skill 53 : Distinguish A and AN.
(54)      Skill 54 : Make articles agree with nouns.
(55)      Skill 55 : Distinguish specific and general idea.
PROBLEMS WITH PREPOSITIONS
(56)      Skill 56 : Recognize incorrect prepositions.
(57)      Skill 57 : Recognize when prepositions have been omitted.
PROBLEMS WITH USAGE
(58)      Skill 58 : Distinguish MAKE and DO.
(59)      Skill 59 : Distinguish LIKE, ALIKE, UNLIKE and DISLIKE.
(60)      Skill 60 : Distinguish OTHER, ANOTHER, and OTHER.

3.      Reading Comprehension
This section is designes to messure your ability to read and understand short passages samiliar in topic and style to those that students are likely to encounter in Nort American universities and collages. This section contains reading passages and questions about the passages.
General Strategies :
(1)   Be familiar with directions.The directions on every TOEFL test are the same, so it is not necessary to spend time reading the directions carefully when you take the test. You should be completely familiar.
(2)   Don’t spend too much time reading the passages! You don’t have time to read each reading passage in depth, and it is quite possible to answer the questions correctly without first reading passages in depth. Some students prefer to spend a minute or two on each passage reading for the main idea berfore starting on the questions. Other students prefer to move directly to the questions without reading the passages first.
(3)   Don’t worry if a reading passage is on a topic that you are unfamiliar with.All of the information that you need to answer the questions is included the passages. You don’t need any background knowledge to answer the questions.
(4)   Never leave any answer blank on your answer sheet. Even if you are not sure of the correct response, you should answer each questions. There is no penalty for guessing.
STRATEGIES FOR THE READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS :
(1)   Skim the reading passage to determine the main idea and the overall recognization of ideas in the passage. You don’t need to understand every detail in each passage to answer the questions correctly. It is therefore a waste of time to read the passage with the intent of understanding every single detail before you try to answer the questions.
(2)   Look ahead at the questions to determine what types of questions you must answer. Each types of the questions is answered in a different way.
(3)   Find the section of the passages that deals with each question. The question-type tells you exactly where to look in the passage to find correct answers.
(4)   Read the part of the passage that contains the answer carefully. The answer will probably be in the same sentence (or one sentence before or after) the key word or idea.
(5)   Choose the best answer to each question from the four answer choices listed in your test book. You can choose the best answer according to what is given in the appropriate section of the passage, eliminate definitely wrong answers, and mark your best guess on the answer sheet.
The following skills will help you to implement these strategies in the Reading Comprehensions section of the TOEFL test :
(1)   Skill 1 : Answer main idea questions correctly.
(2)   Skill 2 : Recognize the organization of ideas.
DIRECTLY ANSWERED QUESTIONS
(3)   Skill 3 : Answer stated detail questions correctly.
(4)   Skill 4 : Find “UNSTATED” details.
(5)   Skill 5 : Find pronoun referents.
INDIRECTLY ANSWERED QUESTIONS
(6)   Skill 6 : Answer implied detail questions correctly.
(7)   Skill 7 : Answer transition questions correctly.
VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
(8)   Skill 8 : Find definitions from structural clues.
(9)   Skill 9 : Determine meanings from words part.
(10) Skill 10 :Use context to determine meanings of difficult words.
(11) Skill 11 : Use context to determine maenings of simple words.
OVERALL REVIEW QUESTIONS
(12) Skill 12 : Determine where specific information is found.
(13) Skill 13 : Determine the tone,purpose or course.
















Listening Comprehension Practice Questions
— Section 1

The Listening Comprehension section tests your ability to understand both short and long conversations in English. The section contains recorded material that is similar to what you might hear if you were with a group of students at an English-speaking college or university. The language includes
·         vocabulary and idiomatic expressions common to spoken English
·         special grammatical constructions used in speech
Before completing these practice questions, print out an answer sheet so that you can become familiar with the format.

Directions and Practice Questions

Directions and examples of the types of questions you will find in the Listening Comprehension section of the TOEFL® test are below.
There are three parts to this section, with special directions for each part. Answer all questions based on what is stated or implied by the speakers you hear.
Do not:
·         take notes or write in your test book at any time
·         turn the pages until you are told to do so.

Part A

Directions: In Part A, you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Here is an example.
On the recording, you will hear:
(woman)  
I don't like this painting very much.
(man)  
Neither do I.
(narrator)  
What does the man mean?
In your test book, you will read:

A. He doesn't like the painting either.
B. He doesn't know how to paint.
C. He doesn't have any paintings.
D. He doesn't know what to do.
You learn from the conversation that neither the man nor the woman likes the painting. The best answer to the question, "What does the man mean?" is A, "He doesn't like the painting either." Therefore, the correct choice is A.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. You will hear:  
(man)  
Shall I lock up the computer lab now before I go home?
(woman)  
Don't bother. I'm not leaving for a while, I can check it on my way out.
(narrator)  
What will the woman probably do?

You will read:  
A. Lock the computer lab later.

B. Leave with the man.

C. Buy a new lock for the computer lab.

D. Show the man where the lab is.

2. You will hear:  
(man)  
Do you mind if I turn the television off?
(woman)  
Well, I'm in the middle of watching a program.
(narrator)  
What does the woman imply?

You will read:  
A. The man should watch the program too.

B. The man should leave the television on.

C. The program will be over soon.

D. She'll watch television later.

3. You will hear:  
(woman)  
I heard the math requirements for graduation are being changed.
(man)  
Yes. And I may be short one course.
(narrator)  
What does the man mean?

You will read:  
A. He isn't sure what course to take.

B. The math course is too short.

C. He may not meet the graduation requirements.

D. The graduation date has been changed.

Part B

Directions: In this part of the test you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation you will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.

SAMPLE CONVERSATION AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS

(narrator)  
Questions 4 through 7. Listen to a conversation about a trip.
(man)  
Are you ready for "The Big Apple"?
(woman)  
Excuse me?
(man)  
You know, New York City. You are going to New York with us, aren't you? I wanted to show everybody around my old neighborhood.
(woman)  
Oh...sure! I wouldn't miss it especially when the tour guide is a native New Yorker.
(man)  
I thought we could start at the Museum of Modern Art. Right now there's an exhibit on twentieth-century American painters.
(woman)  
Fine with me...but what were you saying about...a big apple?
(man)  
"The Big Apple." It's a nickname for New York. I think I heard once that it started with jazz musicians in the 20's.
(woman)  
Oh.
(man)  
Whenever they played a concert in a city, they called that city an "apple." In those days, New York was the biggest city in the country, so they called it "The Big Apple."
(woman)  
Hey, I have an idea! Let's go to a jazz club while we're there.
(man)  
Sounds good.

Questions:  
4. You will hear:  
(narrator)  
What is the man planning to see?

You will read:  
A. An art exhibit.

B. A Broadway play.

C. A modern dance production.

D. An opera.

5. You will hear:  
(narrator)  
What can be inferred about the man?

You will read:  
A. He is a jazz musician.

B. He wants to join the woman's club.

C. He is in his twenties.

D. He was born in New York.

6. You will hear:  
(narrator)  
What does the word "Apple" in the phrase "The Big Apple" refer to?

You will read:  
A. An instrument.

B. A city.

C. A theater.

D. A concert.

7. You will hear:  
(narrator)  
Who gave New York its nickname?

You will read:  
A. Painters.

B. Tour guides.

C. Musicians.

D. Grocers.

Part C

Directions: In this part of the test you will hear several talks. After each talk, you will hear some questions. The talks and questions will not be repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Here is an example.
On the recording, you will hear:
(narrator)  
Listen to an instructor talk to his class about a television program.
(man)  
I'd like to tell you about an interesting TV program that'll be shown this coming Thursday. It'll be on from 9 to 10 p.m. on Channel 4. It's part of a series called "Mysteries of Human Biology." The subject of the program is the human brain — how it functions and how it can malfunction. Topics that will be covered are dreams, memory, and depression. These topics are illustrated with outstanding computer animation that makes the explanations easy to follow. Make an effort to see this show. Since we've been studying the nervous system in class, I know you'll find it very helpful.
http://www.ets.org/Media/Tests/TOEFL/img/sa-c.gif
Here is an example.
You will hear:  
(narrator)  
What is the main purpose of the program?


In your test book, you will read:  


A. To demonstrate the latest use of computer graphics.

B. To discuss the possibility of an economic depression.

C. To explain the workings of the brain.

D. To dramatize a famous mystery story.
The best answer to the question, "What is the main purpose of the program?" is C, "To explain the workings of the brain." Therefore, the correct choice is C.
http://www.ets.org/Media/Tests/TOEFL/img/sa-d.gif
Here is another example.
You will hear:  
(narrator)  
Why does the speaker recommend watching the program?


In your test book, you will read:  


A. It is required of all science majors.

B. It will never be shown again.

C. It can help viewers improve their memory skills.

D. It will help with course work.
The best answer to the question, "Why does the speaker recommend watching the program?" is D, "It will help with course work." Therefore, the correct choice is D.
Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.

PRACTICE TALK AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS

(narrator)  
Questions 8 through 10. Listen to a talk about animal behavior.
(woman)  
Today's discussion is about a common animal reaction — the yawn. The dictionary defines a yawn as "an involuntary reaction to fatigue or boredom." That's certainly true for human yawns, but not necessarily for animal yawns. The same action can have quite different meanings in different species.

For example, some animals yawn to intimidate intruders on their territory. Fish and lizards are examples of this. Hippos use yawns when they want to settle a quarrel. Observers have seen two hippos yawn at each other for as long as two hours before they stop quarreling.

As for social animals like baboons or lions — they yawn to establish the pecking order within social groups, and lions often yawn to calm social tensions. Sometimes these animals yawn for a strictly physiological reason — that is, to increase oxygen levels. And curiously enough, when they yawn for a physical reason like that, they do what humans do — they try to stifle the yawn by looking away or by covering their mouths.

Questions:  
8. You will hear:  
(narrator)  
What is the speaker's main point?

You will read:  
A. Animals yawn for a number of reasons.

B. Yawning results only from fatigue or boredom.

C. Human yawns are the same as those of other animals.

D. Only social animals yawn.

9. You will hear:  
(narrator)  
According to the speaker, when are hippos likely to yawn?

You will read:  
A. When they are swimming.

B. When they are quarreling.

C. When they are socializing.

D. When they are eating.

10. You will hear:  
(narrator)  
What physiological reason for yawning is mentioned?

You will read:  
A. To exercise the jaw muscles.

B. To eliminate fatigue.

C. To get greater strength for attacking.

D. To gain more oxygen.

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