Tugas Softskill Bahasa Inggris 2
Vian Pradipta
4EA06
15209012
LISTENING
COMPREHENSION
·
Consist of 50
questions
·
Divided into three
parts
·
Part A consists of 30
shorts conversations, each followed by a question. Choose one best answer from
four options
·
Part B consists of 2
log conversations, each followed by a number of questions.
·
Part C consists of
three talks, each followed by a number of questions.
GENERAL STRATEGIES
·
Be familiar with the
directions.
·
Listen carefully to
the conversations and talks. You will hear only one time.
·
Know where the easier
and more difficult questions are generally found.
·
Never leave any
answers blank on your answer sheet. No penalty for guessing.
·
Use any remaining time
to look ahead at the answers to the questions that follow.
PART A
STRATEGIES FOR THE LISTENING PART A QUESTIONS
1.
As you listen to each
short conversation, focus on the second line of the conversation.
2.
Choose answer with
synonyms. Keep in mind that the correct answer is probably a restatement of a
key word or idea in the second line of the conversation. Keep in mind that
certain structures and expressions are tested regularly in Listening part A.
Listen for these structures and expressions:
·
Structures (passive,
negatives, wishes, conditions)
·
Functional expressions
(agreement, uncertainty, suggestion, surprise)
·
Idiomatic expressions (two-part
verbs, three-part verbs, idioms)
·
If you know a few
words, choose the answer that contains s restatement
·
If you didn’t
understand anything at all in the second line, choose the answer that sounds
the most different from what you heard.
·
Never choose an answer
because it sounds like what you heard in the conversation
1.
Keep in mind that
these questions generally progress from easy to difficult.
2.
Read the answers and
choose the best answer to each question.
3.
Even if you do not
understand the complete conversation, you can find the correct answer.
Taken from TOEFL Preparation by Longman Paper
Based TOEFL
Strategies to Answer Questions TOEFL
Test
In The TOEFL test
there are three sections of questions :
1. Listening Comprehension
In this section of the
test, you will have opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand
conversations and talks in English. There are three parts to this section, with
special directions for each part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what
is stated or implied by the speakers you hear. Don’t take notes or write in
your test book at any time. Don’t turn the pages until you are told to do so.
(a) Part 1 : You will hear short conversations.
(b) Part 2 : You will hear longer conversation.
(c) Part 3 : You will hear several talks
And the General
Strategies are :
(1) Be familiar with the directions. The directions on every TOEFL test are the
same, so it is not necesarry to listen carefully to them each time. You should
be completely familiar with the directions.
(2) Listen carefully to the conversation and talks. You should concertrate fully on what the
speakers are saying in the recording program, because you will hear it one time
only.
(3) Know where the easier and more difficult
questions are generally found. Within each part of the Listening Comprehension section, the
questions generally progress from easy to difficult.
(4) Never leave any answer blank on your answer
sheet. Even if you are
unsure of the correct response, you should answer each question. There is no
penalty for guessing.
(5) Use any remaining time to look ahead at the
answers to the question that follow. When you finish with one question, you may have time to look
ahead at the answers to the nest question.
STRATEGIES FOR THE
LISTENING PART A QUESTIONS :
(1) As you listen to each short conversation,
focus on the second line of the conversation.The answer to the question is generally found
in the second line.
(2) Keep in mind that the correct answer probably
a restatement of a key word or idea in the second line of the conversation. Think of possible restatement.
(3) Keep in mind that certain structures and
expressions are tested regularly in Listening Part A. Listen for these structures and
expressions :
(a) Structures (passives, negatives, wishes,
conditions)
(b) Functional expressions (agreement,
uncertainty, sugestion, surprise)
(c) Idiomatic expressions (two-part verbs,
three-part verbs, idioms)
(4) Keep in mind that these question generally
progress from easy to difficult.This means that question even I through 5 will be the easiest,
and questions 26 through 30 will be the hardest.
(5) Read the answers and choose the best answer to
each question. Remember to
answer each question even if you are not sure of the correct response. Never
leave any answer blank.
(6) Even if you don’t understand the complate
conversation, you can find the correct answer. (Never choose an answer because it sounds like
what you heard in the conversation).
The following skills
will help you to implement these strategies in the Listening section of the
TOEFL test :
PART 1
(1) Skill 1 : Focus on the second line.
(2) Skill 2 : Choose answer with synonyms.
(3) Skill 3 : Avoid silimiar sounds.
(4) Skill 4 : Draw conclusions about who,what,where.
(5) Skill 5 : Listen for who and what in
passives.
(6) Skill 6 : listen for who and what with
multiple nouns.
(7) Skill 7 : Listen for negative
expressions.
(8) Skill 8 : Listen for double negatoves
expressions.
(9) Skill 9 : Listen for “almost negative”
expressions.
(10) Skill 10 : Listen for negatives with
comparatives.
(11) Skill 11 : Listen for expressions of
agreement.
(12) Skill 12 : Listen for expressions of
uncertainty and suggestion.
(13) Skill 13: Listen for empathic expressins of
surprise.
(14) Skill 14 : Listen for wishes.
(15) Skill 15 : Listen for untrue conditions.
(16) Skill 16 : Listen for two- and three-part verbs.
(17) Skill 17 : Listen for idioms.
PART 2
(18) Skill 18 : Anticipate the topics.
(19) Skill 19 : Anticipate the questions.
(20) Skill 20 : Determine the topic.
(21) Skill 21 : Draw conclusions about who,
what, when, where.
(22) Skill 22 : Listen for answer in order.
PART 3
(23) Skill 23 : Anticipate the topics.
(24) Skill 24 : Anticipate the questions.
(25) Skill 25 : Determine the topic.
(26) Skill 26 : Draw conclusions about who,
what, when, where.
(27) Skill 27 : Listen for answer in order.
2. Structure and Written Expression
This section is
designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is approriate for
standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section,
with special directions for each type.
General Strategies :
(1) Be familiar with the directions.The directions on every TOEFL test are the
same, so it is not necessary to spend time reading the directions carefully
when you take the test. You should be completely familiar.
(2) Begin with questions 1 through 15. Anticipate that questions 1 through 5
will be the easiest. Anticipate that question 11 through 15 will be the most
difficult. Do not spend too much time on questions 11 through 15. There will be
easier questions that come later.
(3) Continue with question 16 through 40. Anticupate the question 16 through 20
will be the easiest. Anticipates that question 36 through 40 will be the most
difficult. Do not spend too much time on questions 30 through 40.
(4) If you have time, return to questions 11
through 15. You should spend
extra time on questions 11 through 15 only after you spend all the time that
you want on the easier questions.
(5) Never leave any answer blank on your answer
sheet. Even if you are
not sure of the correct response, you should answer each questions. There is no
penalty for guessing.
·
STRATEGIES FOR THE
STRUCTURE QUESTIONS :
(1) First study the sentence. Your propose is to determine what is needed to
complete the sentence correctly.
(2) Then study each answer based on how well ir
completes the sentence.Eliminate
answer that don’t complete the sentence correctly.
(3) Don’t try to eliminate incorrect answers by
looking only at the answer by looking only at the answer. The incorrect answers are generally
correct by themselves. The incorrect answers are generally incorrect only when
used to complete the sentence.
(4) Never leave any answer blank on your answer
sheet. Be sure to answer
each question even if you are unsure of the correct response.
(5) Don’t spend too much time on the Structure
question. Be sure to leave
adequate time for the Written Expression questions.
The following skills
will help you to implement these strategies in the Structure section of the
TOEFL test :
SENTENCES WITH ONE
CLAUSE
(1) Skill 1 : Be sure the sentence has a subject
and a verb.
(2) Skill 2 : Be careful of objects of
prepositions.
(3) Skill 3 : Be careful of appositives.
(4) Skill 4 : Be careful of present participles.
(5) Skill 5 : Be careful of past participles.
SENTENCES WITH
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
(6) Skill 6 : Use coordinate connectors correctly.
(7) Skill 7 : Use adverb time,and cause connectors
correctly.
(8) Skill 8 : Use other adverb connectors
correctly.
MORE SENTENCES WITH
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
(9) Skill 9 : Use noun clause connectors
correctly.
(10) Skill 10 : Use noun clause connector/subjects
corretly.
(11) Skill 11 : Use adjective clause connectors
correctly.
(12) Skill 12 : Use adjective clause
connector/subjects correctly.
(13) Skill 13 : Use reduced adjective clauses
correctly.
(14) Skill 14 : Use reduced adverb clauses
correctly.
SENTENCES WITH INVERTED
SUBJECTS AND VERBS
(15) Skill 15 : Invert the subject and verb with
question words.
(16) Skill 16 : Invert the subject and verb with
place expressions.
(17) Skill 17 : Invert the subject and verb with
negatives.
(18) Skill 18 : Invert the subject and verb with
conditionals.
(19) Skill 19 : Invert the subject and verb with
comparisons.
·
STRAEGIES FOR THE WRITTEN EXPRESSION QUESTINS
:
(1) First look at the underlined word or groups of
words. You want to see if you
can spot which of the four answer choicrs is not correct.
(2) If you have been unable to find the error by
looking only at thefour underlined expressions, then read the complete
sentences. Often an underlined
expression is incorrect because of something in another part of the senteces.
(3) Never leave any answer blank. Be sure to answer each question even if
you are unsure of the correct response.
PROBLEMS WITH
SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT
(20) Skill 20 : Make verb agree after prepositional
phrases.
(21) Skill 21 : Make verbs agree after expressions
of quantity.
(22) Skill 22 : Make inverted verbs agree.
(23) Skill 23 : Make verbs agree after certain
words.
PROBLEMS WITH
PARALLEL STRUCTURE
(24) Skill 24 : Use parallel structure with
coordinate conjuctions.
(25) Skill 25 : Use parallels structure with paired
conjuctions.
(26) Skill 26 : Use parallel structure with
comparisons.
PROBLEMS WITH
COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
(27) Skill 27 : Form comparativres and superlatives
correctly.
(28) Skill 28 : Use comparatives and superlatives
correctly.
(29) Skill 29 : Use irregular –ER,
-ER structure correctly.
PROBLEMS WITH THE FORM
OF THE VERB
(30) Skill 30 : After HAVE ,use
the past participle.
(31) Skill 31 : After BE, use
the present participle or the past participle.
(32) Skill 32 : After WILL, WOULD, or
other modals, use the base form of the verb.
PROBLEMS WITH THE USE OF THE VERB
(33) Skill 33 : Know when to use the past with the
present.
(34) Skill 34 : Use HAVE and HAD correctly.
(35) Skill 35 : Use the correct tense with the
expressions.
(36) Skill 36 : Use the correct tense with WILL and WOULD.
PROBLEMS WITH PASSIVE
VERBS
(37) Skill 37 : Use the correct form of the
passive.
(38) Skill 38 : Recognize active and passive
meanings.
PROBLEMS WITH NOUNS
(39) Skill 39 : Use the correct singular or plural
noun.
(40) Skill 40 : Distinguish countable and
encountable nouns.
(41) Skill 41 : Recognize irregular plurals of
nouns.
(42) Skill 42 : Distinguish the person from the
thing.
(43) Skill 43 : Distinguish subject and object
pronouns.
(44) Skill 44 : Distinguish possessive adjectives
and pronouns.
(45) Skill 45 :Check pronoun reference for
agreement.
PROBLEMS WITH
ADJECTIVE AND ADVERBS
(46) Skill 46 : Use basic adjectives and adverbs
correctly.
(47) Skill 47 : Use adjectives after linking verb.
(48) Skill 48 : Position adjectives and adverbs
correctly.
MORE PROBLEMS WITH
ADJECTIVES
(49) Skill 49 : Recognize –LY adjectives.
(50) Skill 50 : Use predicate adjectives correctly.
(51) Skill 51 : Use –ED and –ING adjectives
correctly.
PROBLEMS WITH ADJECTIVE AND ADVERBS
(52) Skill 52 :Use articles with singular nouns.
(53) Skill 53 : Distinguish A and AN.
(54) Skill 54 : Make articles agree with nouns.
(55) Skill 55 : Distinguish specific and general
idea.
PROBLEMS WITH PREPOSITIONS
(56) Skill 56 : Recognize incorrect prepositions.
(57) Skill 57 : Recognize when prepositions have
been omitted.
PROBLEMS WITH USAGE
(58) Skill 58 : Distinguish MAKE and DO.
(59) Skill 59 : Distinguish LIKE, ALIKE,
UNLIKE and DISLIKE.
(60) Skill 60 : Distinguish OTHER,
ANOTHER, and OTHER.
3. Reading Comprehension
This section is
designes to messure your ability to read and understand short passages samiliar
in topic and style to those that students are likely to encounter in Nort
American universities and collages. This section contains reading passages and
questions about the passages.
General Strategies :
(1) Be familiar with directions.The directions on every TOEFL test are the
same, so it is not necessary to spend time reading the directions carefully
when you take the test. You should be completely familiar.
(2) Don’t spend too much time reading the
passages! You don’t have
time to read each reading passage in depth, and it is quite possible to answer
the questions correctly without first reading passages in depth. Some students
prefer to spend a minute or two on each passage reading for the main idea
berfore starting on the questions. Other students prefer to move directly to
the questions without reading the passages first.
(3) Don’t worry if a reading passage is on a topic
that you are unfamiliar with.All of the information that you need to answer the questions is
included the passages. You don’t need any background knowledge to answer the
questions.
(4) Never leave any answer blank on your answer
sheet. Even if you are
not sure of the correct response, you should answer each questions. There is no
penalty for guessing.
STRATEGIES FOR THE
READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS :
(1) Skim the reading passage to determine the main
idea and the overall recognization of ideas in the passage. You don’t need to understand every detail in
each passage to answer the questions correctly. It is therefore a waste of time
to read the passage with the intent of understanding every single detail before
you try to answer the questions.
(2) Look ahead at the questions to determine what
types of questions you must answer. Each types of the questions is answered in a different
way.
(3) Find the section of the passages that deals
with each question. The
question-type tells you exactly where to look in the passage to find correct
answers.
(4) Read the part of the passage that contains the
answer carefully. The answer will
probably be in the same sentence (or one sentence before or after) the key word
or idea.
(5) Choose the best answer to each question from
the four answer choices listed in your test book. You can choose the best answer according
to what is given in the appropriate section of the passage, eliminate
definitely wrong answers, and mark your best guess on the answer sheet.
The following skills
will help you to implement these strategies in the Reading Comprehensions
section of the TOEFL test :
(1) Skill 1 : Answer main idea questions
correctly.
(2) Skill 2 : Recognize the organization of ideas.
DIRECTLY ANSWERED QUESTIONS
(3) Skill 3 : Answer stated detail questions
correctly.
(4) Skill 4 : Find “UNSTATED” details.
(5) Skill 5 : Find pronoun referents.
INDIRECTLY ANSWERED
QUESTIONS
(6) Skill 6 : Answer implied detail questions
correctly.
(7) Skill 7 : Answer transition questions
correctly.
VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
(8) Skill 8 : Find definitions from structural
clues.
(9) Skill 9 : Determine meanings from words part.
(10) Skill 10 :Use context
to determine meanings of difficult words.
(11) Skill 11 : Use context
to determine maenings of simple words.
OVERALL REVIEW
QUESTIONS
(12) Skill 12 : Determine
where specific information is found.
(13) Skill 13 : Determine
the tone,purpose or course.
Listening Comprehension
Practice Questions
— Section 1
The Listening Comprehension section tests your ability to understand
both short and long conversations in English. The section contains recorded
material that is similar to what you might hear if you were with a group of
students at an English-speaking college or university. The language includes
·
vocabulary and idiomatic expressions common to spoken English
·
special grammatical constructions used in speech
Before
completing these practice questions, print
out an answer sheet so that you can become familiar with the format.
Directions and Practice Questions
Directions
and examples of the types of questions you will find in the Listening Comprehension section of the TOEFL® test
are below.
There are three parts to this section, with special directions
for each part. Answer all questions based on what is stated or implied by the
speakers you hear.
Do not:
·
take notes or write in your test book at any time
·
turn the pages until you are told to do so.
Part A
Directions: In Part A, you will hear short
conversations between two people. After each conversation, you will hear a
question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be
repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your
test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of
the answer you have chosen.
Here
is an example.
On
the recording, you will hear:
(woman)
|
I don't like this painting very much.
|
(man)
|
Neither do I.
|
(narrator)
|
What does the man mean?
|
In
your test book, you will read:
|
A.
He doesn't like the painting either.
B.
He doesn't know how to paint.
C.
He doesn't have any paintings.
D.
He doesn't know what to do.
|
You learn from the conversation that neither the man nor the
woman likes the painting. The best answer to the question, "What does the
man mean?" is A, "He doesn't like the painting either."
Therefore, the correct choice is A.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1.
You will hear:
|
|
(man)
|
Shall I lock up the computer lab now before
I go home?
|
(woman)
|
Don't bother. I'm not leaving for a while, I
can check it on my way out.
|
(narrator)
|
What will the woman probably do?
|
You
will read:
|
A. Lock the computer lab
later.
|
|
B. Leave with the man.
|
|
C. Buy a new lock for the
computer lab.
|
|
D. Show the man where the
lab is.
|
2.
You will hear:
|
|
(man)
|
Do you mind if I turn the television off?
|
(woman)
|
Well, I'm in the middle of watching a
program.
|
(narrator)
|
What does the woman imply?
|
You
will read:
|
A. The man should watch
the program too.
|
|
B. The man should leave
the television on.
|
|
C. The program will be
over soon.
|
|
D. She'll watch television
later.
|
3.
You will hear:
|
|
(woman)
|
I heard the math requirements for graduation
are being changed.
|
(man)
|
Yes. And I may be short one course.
|
(narrator)
|
What does the man mean?
|
You
will read:
|
A. He isn't sure what
course to take.
|
|
B. The math course is too
short.
|
|
C. He may not meet the
graduation requirements.
|
|
D. The graduation date has
been changed.
|
Part B
Directions: In this part of the test you will hear
longer conversations. After each conversation you will hear several questions.
The conversations and questions will not be repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in
your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of
the answer you have chosen.
Remember,
you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test
book.
SAMPLE CONVERSATION AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS
(narrator)
|
Questions 4 through 7. Listen to a
conversation about a trip.
|
(man)
|
Are you ready for "The Big Apple"?
|
(woman)
|
Excuse me?
|
(man)
|
You know, New York City. You are going to
New York with us, aren't you? I wanted to show everybody around my old
neighborhood.
|
(woman)
|
Oh...sure! I wouldn't miss it especially
when the tour guide is a native New Yorker.
|
(man)
|
I thought we could start at the Museum of
Modern Art. Right now there's an exhibit on twentieth-century American
painters.
|
(woman)
|
Fine with me...but what were you saying
about...a big apple?
|
(man)
|
"The Big Apple." It's a nickname
for New York. I think I heard once that it started with jazz musicians in the
20's.
|
(woman)
|
Oh.
|
(man)
|
Whenever they played a concert in a city,
they called that city an "apple." In those days, New York was the
biggest city in the country, so they called it "The Big Apple."
|
(woman)
|
Hey, I have an idea! Let's go to a jazz club
while we're there.
|
(man)
|
Sounds good.
|
Questions:
|
|
4.
You will hear:
|
|
(narrator)
|
What is the man planning to see?
|
You
will read:
|
A. An art exhibit.
|
|
B. A Broadway play.
|
|
C. A modern dance
production.
|
|
D. An opera.
|
5.
You will hear:
|
|
(narrator)
|
What can be inferred about the man?
|
You
will read:
|
A. He is a jazz musician.
|
|
B. He wants to join the
woman's club.
|
|
C. He is in his twenties.
|
|
D. He was born in New
York.
|
6.
You will hear:
|
|
(narrator)
|
What does the word "Apple" in the
phrase "The Big Apple" refer to?
|
You
will read:
|
A. An instrument.
|
|
B. A city.
|
|
C. A theater.
|
|
D. A concert.
|
7.
You will hear:
|
|
(narrator)
|
Who gave New York its nickname?
|
You
will read:
|
A. Painters.
|
|
B. Tour guides.
|
|
C. Musicians.
|
|
D. Grocers.
|
Part C
Directions: In this part of the test you will hear
several talks. After each talk, you will hear some questions. The talks and
questions will not be repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in
your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of
the answer you have chosen.
Here
is an example.
On
the recording, you will hear:
(narrator)
|
Listen to an instructor talk to his class
about a television program.
|
(man)
|
I'd like to tell you about an interesting TV
program that'll be shown this coming Thursday. It'll be on from 9 to 10 p.m.
on Channel 4. It's part of a series called "Mysteries of Human
Biology." The subject of the program is the human brain — how it
functions and how it can malfunction. Topics that will be covered are dreams,
memory, and depression. These topics are illustrated with outstanding
computer animation that makes the explanations easy to follow. Make an effort
to see this show. Since we've been studying the nervous system in class, I
know you'll find it very helpful.
|
Here
is an example.
You
will hear:
|
|
(narrator)
|
What is the main purpose of the program?
|
|
In your test book, you will
read:
|
|
A. To demonstrate the
latest use of computer graphics.
|
|
B. To discuss the
possibility of an economic depression.
|
|
C. To explain the workings
of the brain.
|
|
D. To dramatize a famous
mystery story.
|
The best answer to the question, "What is the main purpose
of the program?" is C, "To explain the workings of the brain."
Therefore, the correct choice is C.
Here
is another example.
You
will hear:
|
|
(narrator)
|
Why does the speaker recommend watching the
program?
|
|
In your test book, you will read:
|
|
A. It is required of all
science majors.
|
|
B. It will never be shown
again.
|
|
C. It can help viewers
improve their memory skills.
|
|
D. It will help with
course work.
|
The best answer to the question, "Why does the speaker
recommend watching the program?" is D, "It will help with course
work." Therefore, the correct choice is D.
Remember,
you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test
book.
PRACTICE TALK AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS
(narrator)
|
Questions 8 through 10. Listen to a talk about
animal behavior.
|
(woman)
|
Today's discussion is about a common animal
reaction — the yawn. The dictionary defines a yawn as "an involuntary
reaction to fatigue or boredom." That's certainly true for human yawns,
but not necessarily for animal yawns. The same action can have quite
different meanings in different species.
For example, some animals yawn to intimidate intruders on their territory. Fish and lizards are examples of this. Hippos use yawns when they want to settle a quarrel. Observers have seen two hippos yawn at each other for as long as two hours before they stop quarreling. As for social animals like baboons or lions — they yawn to establish the pecking order within social groups, and lions often yawn to calm social tensions. Sometimes these animals yawn for a strictly physiological reason — that is, to increase oxygen levels. And curiously enough, when they yawn for a physical reason like that, they do what humans do — they try to stifle the yawn by looking away or by covering their mouths. |
Questions:
|
|
8.
You will hear:
|
|
(narrator)
|
What is the speaker's main point?
|
You
will read:
|
A. Animals yawn for a
number of reasons.
|
|
B. Yawning results only
from fatigue or boredom.
|
|
C. Human yawns are the
same as those of other animals.
|
|
D. Only social animals
yawn.
|
9.
You will hear:
|
|
(narrator)
|
According to the speaker, when are hippos
likely to yawn?
|
You
will read:
|
A. When they are swimming.
|
|
B. When they are
quarreling.
|
|
C. When they are
socializing.
|
|
D. When they are eating.
|
10.
You will hear:
|
|
(narrator)
|
What physiological reason for yawning is
mentioned?
|
You
will read:
|
A. To exercise the jaw
muscles.
|
|
B. To eliminate fatigue.
|
|
C. To get greater strength
for attacking.
|
|
D. To gain more oxygen.
|
http://ellvinnai.blogspot.com/2013/04/strategies-to-answer-questions-toefl.html